Emerging trends

The short-time working programme in Germany, known as ‘Kurzarbeit’, is supposed to ensure that companies across all sectors keep workers employed in times of crisis or low demand by reducing working hours and consequently wage costs. The Federal Employment Agency provides funding for short-time working based on business cycle and economic reasons, providing that certain conditions are met. The agency tops up reduced wages by a certain percentage and subsidises social security contributions on short-time wages by 50 per cent (up to 100 per cent during qualification programmes and after seven months). The programme existed before the crisis, but was extended because of it. The incentives to encourage employers to retain workers by reducing working hours instead of firing them were originally due to expire in 2010-end. According to the German government, the scheme has proved itself during the economic crisis by keeping unemployment lower than in many of the country’s trading partners.

Organising union activities in transnational firms
Between 2007 and 2008, Romania’s Free Trade Union Federation of Commerce (FSLC) carried out activities in companies operating in Romania, with the support of other trade organisations. FSLC concentrated on organising employees in transnational companies. The main companies targeted were Metro Cash & Carry, Carrefour and Billa-Rewe. As a result, FSLC and the newly established Metro union ‘Solidaritatea’ signed a collective agreement in April 2008 for Metro Cash and Carry.

The agreement improved working conditions and wages for the employees at Metro. An information and consultation forum for social dialogue at Metro Romania was also established, and the Romanian employees won a seat on Metro’s European works council. The Metro collective agreement gave a 9.5 per cent increase in wages, a loyalty bonus after five years of employment, and a 10 per cent bonus for work on Saturdays and Sundays. It also provides three paid days each month for union representatives, and stipulates that employers have an obligation to focus on improving working conditions. Click here to read more...

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The Human Factor

Universities have two roles – creating and disseminating knowledge.

Third, focus on improving faculty quality. Universities have two roles – creating and disseminating knowledge. This translates into two key responsibilities for faculty, research and teaching. The importance of faculty undertaking these dual roles is demonstrated by the fact that there are almost no top teaching business schools globally that do not also excel in research. Indeed, excellence in research is an important requirement for eminence in teaching and education. Unfortunately, most Indian business schools do not recognise research, and do not view it as related to teaching and education. As a result, with few exceptions, faculties undertake little research and many institutions rely heavily on practitioners who lack fundamental understanding of theoretical foundations.

Not all faculties or institutions need to undertake global-standard research. Yet the current state in India, where perhaps only one business school does so, suggests a major underlying problem. The solution is a challenging one – introduce research-oriented PhD programmes, hire better quality faculty, offer adequate compensation and align incentives to include research excellence. A concerted effort to draw on Indian faculty abroad to help develop doctoral programmes and faculty should be an immediate priority.

Fourth, allow foreign institutions to establish campuses in India, as that will increase options for students, introduce beneficial competition, raise standards and increase investments in education. While there must be some quality standards, a broad range of institutions should be allowed in. The rationale for doing so is similar to that of encouraging foreign direct investment and arguments against doing so, equally mistaken. Click here to read more...

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